Principles of Linguistic Change, Volume 2 Social Factors,9780631179160

Principles of Linguistic Change, Volume 2 Social Factors

by
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9780631179160
ISBN10: 063117916X
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2001-03-30
Publisher(s): Wiley-Blackwell
List Price: $54.35

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Summary

This volume presents the long-anticipated results of several decades of inquiry into the social origins and social motivation of linguistic change.

Author Biography

The author is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the co-editor of Language Variation and Change and is author of Sociolinguistic Patterns (1972), Language in the Inner City (1972), and Principles of Linguistic Change, Volume 1: Internal Factors (Blackwell, 1994).

Table of Contents

Foreword xi
Notational Conventions xvii
Part A The Speech Community 1(146)
The Darwinian Paradox
3(32)
The social effects of language change
4(2)
The parallels between biological and linguistic evolution
6(9)
Earlier proposals for the causes of sound change
15(10)
Different kinds of sound change
25(3)
The narrow interface between language and society
28(1)
The social location of the innovators
29(4)
Individual, group, community
33(2)
The Study of Linguistic Change and Variation in Philadelphia
35(39)
Sampling the community
37(4)
The city of Philadelphia
41(7)
The exploratory phase
48(1)
The Neighborhood Study
49(20)
The telephone survey
69(5)
Stable Sociolinguistic Variables
74(47)
The necessary background for the study of change in progress
74(4)
Variables to be examined in this chapter
78(7)
The stability of stable variables
85(8)
The sociolinguistic sample of Philadelphia
93(2)
Cross-tabulation of (dh) by class and style
95(6)
Cross-tabulation by age
101(5)
Cross-tabulations by age and social class
106(4)
Second regression analysis
110(3)
An exploration of social class indicators
113(6)
Conclusion
119(2)
The Philadelphia Vowel System
121(26)
The Philadelphia dialect area
121(3)
A general framework for the description of the Philadelphia vowel system
124(4)
Earlier records of the Philadelphia vowel system
128(5)
The Philadelphia vowel system in the 1970s
133(9)
Development of sound changes in apparent time
142(5)
Part B Social Class, Gender, Neighborhood, and Ethnicity 147(176)
Location of the Leaders in the Socioeconomic Hierarchy
149(44)
The data set
149(1)
Accuracy and sources of error
150(14)
First regression: age correlations
164(2)
First tabulation of social class
166(2)
Second regression: age and social class
168(1)
Third regression: re-analyzing the age dimension
169(3)
The centralization of (ay) before voiceless consonants
172(1)
The telephone survey
173(7)
Components of the socioeconomic index
180(6)
An overview
186(2)
Further observations of class distributions
188(2)
The curvilinear pattern and the causes of change
190(1)
Are sound changes part of an adaptive process?
190(3)
Subjective Dimensions of Change in Progress
193(31)
Field methods for the study of subjective reactions to language change
193(4)
The Philadelphia Self-Report Test
197(9)
The Philadelphia Subjective Reaction Test
206(18)
Neighborhood and Ethnicity
224(37)
The relation of local differentiation to linguistic change
226(3)
The Belfast neighborhoods
229(3)
The relation of neighborhood to social class in Philadelphia
232(1)
Results of the fourth regression analysis: adding neighborhoods
233(10)
An overview of neighborhood effects
243(2)
Ethnicity
245(5)
(r) in Philadelphia
250(6)
Other unexplained adstratum effects
256(1)
Ethnic effects on Philadelphia vowel changes
257(2)
The role of neighborhood and ethnicity in linguistic change
259(2)
The Gender Paradox
261(33)
Gender differentiation of stable sociolinguistic variables in Philadelphia
263(3)
The general linguistic conformity of women
266(13)
Gender differentiation of changes from below
279(15)
The Intersection of Gender, Age, and Social Class
294(29)
The case of (ayO)
300(3)
Developments over time by gender
303(3)
A gender-asymmetrical model of linguistic change
306(3)
Nearly completed and middle-range changes in Philadelphia
309(5)
The punctuating events
314(1)
The male-dominated variable: (ayO)
315(4)
Conclusion
319(4)
Part C The Leaders of Linguistic Change 323(90)
Social Networks
325(41)
The sociolinguistic use of social networks
325(4)
Social networks in Belfast
329(5)
Social networks in Philadelphia
334(22)
The two-step flow of influence
356(4)
A general view of fashion and fashion leaders
360(3)
Who leads the leaders?
363(3)
Resolving the Gender Paradox
366(19)
The conformity paradox
366(1)
The strategy of this chapter: combining stable variables with changes in progress
367(4)
Correlations between stable sociolinguistic variables and changes in progress
371(2)
The relation of (dha) to linguistic changes for women of different social classes
373(6)
Combined male and female analysis
379(3)
Incremental and saccadic leaders
382(3)
Portraits of the Leaders
385(28)
Celeste S.
386(9)
Teresa M.
395(1)
The Corcorans
396(6)
Rick Corcoran
402(3)
Individuals as regression variables
405(3)
The leaders of palatalization in Cairo Arabic
408(1)
The leaders of linguistic change
409(4)
Part D Transmission, Incrementation, and Continuation 413(106)
Transmission
415(31)
The transmission problem
415(2)
The transmission of stable sociolinguistic variables
417(4)
The transmission of change
421(6)
Directional language change among Philadelphia children
427(5)
Transmission among adolescents in Detroit
432(14)
Incrementation
446(20)
Stabilization
446(1)
A model of linear sound change
447(19)
Continuation
466(32)
Continued change in the Philadelphia dialect
466(9)
The incrementation of sound change in North America
475(23)
Conclusion
498(21)
The linguistic basis for continuation
498(2)
The social location of the leaders of change
500(2)
Transmission and incrementation
502(1)
The social basis of linguistic change
503(8)
Global polarities of socially motivated projection
511(8)
Afterword 519(2)
References 521(18)
Index 539

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