Preface |
|
vii | |
Background to the Book |
|
vii | |
About the Contents |
|
viii | |
Acknowledgements |
|
viii | |
Nomenclature |
|
xxi | |
|
|
1 | (12) |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
QRA in relation to other Analysis Methods |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Objectives and Limitations |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Relevant Regulations and Standards |
|
|
4 | (1) |
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|
4 | (1) |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
National and International Standards |
|
|
5 | (1) |
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|
5 | (5) |
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|
10 | (3) |
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|
13 | (28) |
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|
13 | (9) |
|
Basic Expressions of Risk |
|
|
13 | (1) |
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|
14 | (1) |
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|
14 | (5) |
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19 | (1) |
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|
20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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|
21 | (1) |
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|
22 | (2) |
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|
22 | (1) |
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|
22 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (12) |
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|
24 | (6) |
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|
30 | (2) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Load Distribution Functions |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
36 | (5) |
|
Basis for Uncertainty Analysis |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
Estimation Based on Observations |
|
|
38 | (3) |
|
Risk Presentation and Acceptance Criteria |
|
|
41 | (27) |
|
|
41 | (6) |
|
Overview of Fatal Accidents |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
Overview of Accidents to Personnel |
|
|
42 | (1) |
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|
42 | (1) |
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|
43 | (2) |
|
Risk Level for Helicopter Transport |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
Comparison Offshore - Onshore Activity |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
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|
47 | (5) |
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|
47 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
Risk Acceptance Criteria Requirements by UK Regulations |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
Criteria used for Personnel Risk by Norwegian Petroleum Industry |
|
|
52 | (4) |
|
Potential Loss of Life (PLL) |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
Fatal Accident Rate (FAR) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
Average Individual Risk (AIR) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
|
56 | (2) |
|
Use of Design Accidental Events |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
Cut-off Limit for Events that are Disregarded |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (4) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (2) |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
Risk of Material Damage/Production Delay |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
Risk Acceptance Criteria for Temporary Phases |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
Use of Acceptance Criteria |
|
|
63 | (5) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Acceptability of Installation Risk |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Acceptability of Critical Operations |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
Platform Average or Area Specific |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
All Inclusive or Major Hazard Specific |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
Temporary vs Permanent Effect |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
Methodology for Quantified Risk Assessment |
|
|
68 | (41) |
|
Analytical Steps and Elements |
|
|
68 | (6) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
Identification of Initiating Events |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Modelling of Accident Sequences |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
Risk Estimation, Analysis and Assessment |
|
|
72 | (2) |
|
|
74 | (4) |
|
Requirements for Analytical Approach |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Hazard Modelling and Cause Analysis |
|
|
78 | (4) |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Riser/Pipeline Hazard Study |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
Fire Load and Smoke Assessment |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Explosion Load Assessment |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Dropped Object Hazard Study |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
Analysis of Critical Risks |
|
|
82 | (2) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
Assessment of Safety Critical Systems |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Detailed Probability Study |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Detailed Consequence Study |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Analysis of different Risk Dimensions |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Analysis of Environmental Spill Risk |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
Limitations of Risk Analysis |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (5) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
Process System Leak Frequency |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
Riser/Pipeline Leak Frequency |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
Occupational and Diving Accidents |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
Safety System Reliability |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
Data Sources for Reliability Analysis |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
Data for Fatality Modelling |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
Use of Installation Specific Data |
|
|
92 | (5) |
|
Generic Versus Installation Specific Data |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
Combination of Specific and Generic Data |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
Example, Combination of Data |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
Data Sources for Installation Specific Data |
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
Execution of Quantified Risk Assessment |
|
|
97 | (2) |
|
|
97 | (2) |
|
Documentation of Assumptions and Premises |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Typical Study Definitions |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Lessons from Major Accidents |
|
|
99 | (10) |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Ekofisk Alpha Riser Rupture |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Capsize of Flotel Alexander L. Kielland |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
West Vanguard Shallow Gas Blowout |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
Brent Alpha Gas Explosion |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
|
109 | (42) |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
Cause, Probability and Frequency Analysis |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Statistical Simulation Analysis |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (16) |
|
|
111 | (4) |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
Initiating Event Frequency |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
120 | (2) |
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
Gas Leak From Riser/Pipeline |
|
|
125 | (2) |
|
|
127 | (2) |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Node Sequence in Event Tree Modelling |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Ignition Probability Modelling |
|
|
129 | (6) |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Platform Specific Modelling |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Industry State-of-the-art Time Dependent Modelling |
|
|
131 | (4) |
|
|
135 | (2) |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
Availability and Reliability |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
137 | (9) |
|
Modelling of Fire Escalation |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
Modelling of Explosion Escalation |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
139 | (2) |
|
Response of Equipment to Fire and Explosion |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
Tolerability Criteria for Personnel |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
Impairment Criteria for Safety Functions |
|
|
143 | (2) |
|
Required Intactness Times for Safety Functions |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
Analysis of Environmental Impact Risk |
|
|
146 | (5) |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
Measurement of Environmental Damage |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
Environmental Damage Distribution |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
|
151 | (37) |
|
|
151 | (5) |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (2) |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
Occupational Fatality Risk |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
157 | (9) |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
Modelling Based on Physical Effects |
|
|
159 | (3) |
|
Is there a Need for Benchmarking? |
|
|
162 | (4) |
|
|
166 | (6) |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (3) |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
Analysis of Evacuation Risk |
|
|
172 | (7) |
|
Overview of Evacuation Means |
|
|
172 | (5) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Evacuation Fatality Analysis |
|
|
177 | (2) |
|
Analysis of Risk associated with Rescue Operations |
|
|
179 | (6) |
|
|
179 | (3) |
|
|
182 | (2) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
Transportation Fatality Risk |
|
|
185 | (2) |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Comparison of Risk Associated with Shuttling |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
Approach to Risk Based Design |
|
|
188 | (24) |
|
|
188 | (3) |
|
About the Need for Risk Based Design |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
Scope for Risk Based Design |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
Authority Regulations and Requirements |
|
|
191 | (4) |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
|
193 | (2) |
|
Relationship with Risk Analysis |
|
|
195 | (6) |
|
|
195 | (2) |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
Use of Consequence Models |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Sensitivity to Changes in Active Safety Systems |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
Approach to Risk Based Design of Topside Systems |
|
|
201 | (4) |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
Fundamentals of Proposed Approach |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
Overview of Sensitivities |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
What should be the Target Protection Level |
|
|
203 | (2) |
|
Approach to Risk Based Design of Structural and Passive Safety Systems |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
205 | (7) |
|
Design Against Fire Loads |
|
|
205 | (4) |
|
Design Against Explosion Loads |
|
|
209 | (2) |
|
Design Against Collision Impacts |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
Design Against Dropped Load Impact |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
|
212 | (29) |
|
|
212 | (3) |
|
Cases with Opposite Results |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
Fire and Explosion Loads on People |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
Topside Fire Consequence Analysis |
|
|
215 | (3) |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
The Air Consumption in a Fire |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Choice of Calculation Models |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Analysis of Topside Fire Events |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
218 | (6) |
|
Delayed Ignition of an Instantaneous Release |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Ignition Probability of an Instantaneous Release |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
What Determines the Likelihood of Fire on Sea? |
|
|
220 | (3) |
|
Loads from Sea Level Fire |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Analysis of Smoke Effects |
|
|
224 | (3) |
|
Methods for Prediction of Smoke Behaviour |
|
|
224 | (2) |
|
Smoke Flow and Dispersion |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
Structural Response to Fire |
|
|
227 | (3) |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
227 | (3) |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
Dimensioning of Structural Fire Protection |
|
|
231 | (10) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
232 | (2) |
|
Definition of Dimensioning Fire According to Structural Regulations |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
235 | (2) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (2) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
241 | (37) |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Explosion Loads on Structure |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Explosion Loads on People |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
241 | (4) |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
242 | (3) |
|
Explosion Consequence Analysis |
|
|
245 | (9) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
Formation of Explosive Cloud |
|
|
248 | (2) |
|
|
250 | (2) |
|
Confined/Semi-Confined Explosion |
|
|
252 | (2) |
|
Probabilistic Approach to Explosion Load Assessment |
|
|
254 | (5) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
Approach to Probabilistic Evaluation |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
Structural Response Calculations |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Is a Probabilistic Approach the Best Way Forward? |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
259 | (6) |
|
Establishing Basis for Design |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Main Experience, Mitigation |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
Risk Reduction Possibilities |
|
|
262 | (3) |
|
Example, Dimensioning against Blast Load |
|
|
265 | (6) |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Case Study; Reduction of Blast Load |
|
|
271 | (7) |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Cases and Configurations Analysed |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
Demonstration of Parameter Sensitivities |
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
Implications for QRA Modelling |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
Discussion and Evaluation |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
278 | (38) |
|
Historical Collision Risk |
|
|
278 | (3) |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
Collisions on the Norwegian Platforms |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
Attendant Vessel Collisions |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (3) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
284 | (12) |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
Powered Passing Vessel Collisions - Model Overview |
|
|
285 | (2) |
|
Traffic Pattern and Volume |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Probability of Collision Course |
|
|
287 | (5) |
|
Probability of Failure of Ship Initiated Recovery |
|
|
292 | (2) |
|
Probability of Failure of Platform Initiated Recovery |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
296 | (3) |
|
Impact Energy and Platform Energy Absorption Capacity |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Mass of Colliding Vessels |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Impact Velocity of Colliding Vessel |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
|
299 | (2) |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
301 | (6) |
|
Overview Over Risk Reducing Measures |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Effect of Risk Reducing Measures |
|
|
302 | (3) |
|
Experience with Collision Avoidance |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Collision Risk Case Study |
|
|
307 | (9) |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
307 | (2) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
310 | (2) |
|
|
312 | (4) |
|
Risk due to Miscellaneous Hazards |
|
|
316 | (18) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Accidents During Towing of Platforms |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Modelling of Dropped Object Impact |
|
|
317 | (7) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Physical Aspects of Falling Loads |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Probability of Dropped Loads |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
Probability of Hitting Objects |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (2) |
|
Impact Energy Distributions |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
324 | (8) |
|
|
326 | (3) |
|
Comparison of Ballast Systems |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Accidental weight condition |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
Risk Mitigation and Control |
|
|
334 | (20) |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
334 | (5) |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
Overall Objectives of Cost Benefit Analysis |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
ALARP Demonstration for Risk to Personnel |
|
|
335 | (2) |
|
ALARP Demonstration for Risk to Assets |
|
|
337 | (2) |
|
Optimisation of Emergency Preparedness |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
Quantitative Comparison of Benefit and Cost |
|
|
339 | (5) |
|
|
339 | (2) |
|
Company or Societal Consideration |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Deterministic Costs vs. Probabilistic Benefits |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Discounting of Future Losses |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Quantification of Benefit |
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
|
344 | (2) |
|
What Constitutes `Gross Disproportion'? |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Case Study - Cost Benefit Analysis |
|
|
346 | (8) |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Definition of Risk Reducing Measure |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Overall Approach to Comparison of Cost and Benefits |
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|
348 | (1) |
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349 | (3) |
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|
352 | (1) |
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|
352 | (1) |
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Discussion and Evaluation |
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|
352 | (1) |
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|
353 | (1) |
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Risk Control during Operation |
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|
354 | (17) |
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|
354 | (2) |
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|
354 | (1) |
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|
355 | (1) |
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|
355 | (1) |
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Updating of Risk Acceptance Criteria |
|
|
356 | (1) |
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Use of Sensitivity Studies for Safety Systems Improvement |
|
|
356 | (4) |
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Risk Management Objectives |
|
|
357 | (1) |
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Case study: Effect of Improved Blowdown |
|
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358 | (2) |
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|
360 | (7) |
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`PFEER' Approach to Risk Monitoring |
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|
360 | (2) |
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|
362 | (1) |
|
Proposed Approach to Selection of Individual Indicators |
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|
363 | (4) |
|
Analysis of Maintenance Activities |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Overall Analysis of Modifications |
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|
367 | (3) |
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|
367 | (1) |
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Modification Risk in a Life Cycle Perspective |
|
|
368 | (2) |
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|
370 | (1) |
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New Approach to the Characterisation of Risk |
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|
371 | (16) |
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|
371 | (1) |
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Activity based Risk Quantification |
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|
372 | (2) |
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|
372 | (1) |
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Objectives of Activity Based Modelling |
|
|
372 | (1) |
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Risk Increasing Activities |
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|
372 | (1) |
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Risk Increasing Conditions |
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|
373 | (1) |
|
Comments About Risk Modelling |
|
|
373 | (1) |
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|
374 | (7) |
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|
374 | (1) |
|
|
375 | (1) |
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Overview of Specific Activities Considered |
|
|
375 | (1) |
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|
376 | (1) |
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Crane Operations over Process Equipment |
|
|
377 | (1) |
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|
377 | (2) |
|
Reduced Availability of Evacuation Means |
|
|
379 | (1) |
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Reduced Availability of Fire Water Supply |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Hot Work and Reduced Fire Water Availability |
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|
380 | (1) |
|
Individually based Risk Quantification |
|
|
381 | (3) |
|
Variations Between Activities |
|
|
381 | (1) |
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|
382 | (2) |
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Use of the Proposed Approach |
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|
384 | (3) |
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|
384 | (2) |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Applicability of Risk Assessment to Shipping |
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|
387 | (26) |
|
Production and Storage Tankers |
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|
387 | (5) |
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|
387 | (1) |
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|
388 | (1) |
|
General Concept Descriptions |
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|
389 | (3) |
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Accident Statistics for FPSOs |
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|
392 | (8) |
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|
392 | (1) |
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|
393 | (1) |
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|
394 | (1) |
|
Accident Statistics for Tankers |
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|
394 | (2) |
|
Concept Safety Assessment |
|
|
396 | (1) |
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|
397 | (2) |
|
Comparison of QRA Results |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Consideration of Operational Safety Aspects |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Findings Regarding FPSO Safety |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Important Safety Aspects for FPSOs |
|
|
400 | (9) |
|
Purpose Built or Converted Tanker? |
|
|
400 | (1) |
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|
401 | (1) |
|
Fluid Transfer Through Turret |
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|
401 | (1) |
|
Vessel Turning around Turret |
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|
402 | (1) |
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|
402 | (1) |
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|
403 | (1) |
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|
404 | (1) |
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|
405 | (1) |
|
Emergency Quick Disconnectors (EQDC) |
|
|
406 | (1) |
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|
406 | (1) |
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|
407 | (1) |
|
Storage Tank Intervention |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
Accident Statistics for Shipping |
|
|
409 | (1) |
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|
409 | (2) |
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|
409 | (1) |
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|
409 | (1) |
|
Safety Case for Passenger Traffic |
|
|
410 | (1) |
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|
411 | (1) |
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|
411 | (1) |
|
Safety Case for Pollution Prevention |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Conclusions on Applicability for Shipping |
|
|
412 | (1) |
Appendix A Overview of Software |
|
413 | (22) |
|
|
413 | (1) |
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|
414 | (3) |
|
A1.3 Quantitative Risk Assessment software |
|
|
417 | (5) |
|
A1.4 QRA Tools for Scenario and Probability Analysis |
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
A1.5 QRA Tools for Consequence Analysis |
|
|
424 | (4) |
|
A1.6 Qualitative Risk Assessment software |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
A1.7 Reporting and Analysis of incidents and accidents |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
A1.8 Risk Management software |
|
|
430 | (5) |
Appendix B NORSOK STANDARD Risk and Emergency Preparedness Analysis |
|
435 | (34) |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
B3 Definitions and Abbreviations |
|
|
437 | (5) |
|
B4 Establishment and Use of Risk Acceptance Criteria |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
B5 Planning, Execution and Use of Risk and Emergency Preparedness Analysis |
|
|
444 | (14) |
|
B6 Risk and Emergency Preparedness Analysis for Mobile Units |
|
|
458 | (2) |
|
B7 Risk and Emergency Preparedness Analysis in Life Cycle Phases |
|
|
460 | (9) |
References |
|
469 | (6) |
Subject Index |
|
475 | |