Foundations of Electronics Circuits & Devices

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Edition: 4th
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2002-07-29
Publisher(s): CENGAGE Delmar Learning
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Summary

From principles of basic circuits through analysis of passive and active circuit components, Foundations of Electronics: Circuits and Devices is the perfect choice for introducing readers to the world of electronics technology. Chock full of full-color charts, photographs, schematics and diagrams, this newly redesigned edition uses real-world color codes and strategic highlighting to focus attention on key points. Reader-friendly and ideal for technician training, this comprehensive book begins by exploring basic concepts such as voltage, current, plus power and resistance in series, parallel and combination circuits. Equipped with an understanding of circuit behavior, readers move on to the study of more complex topics, including: network theorems, magnetism, resonance, and more. Extensively updated to better meet the needs of today's technician's, the final ten chapters provide a first-rate introduction to modern electronic devices, with greater emphasis on integrated circuits and op-amps plus all-new coverage of optical components. Throughout the book, step-by-step examples and practice problems appear directly after explanations of key concepts, providing a bridge between must-know theory and hands-on circuit work. Attention-getting previews, helpful key terms lists, learning objectives, summaries and other pedagogical aids have also been integrated into every chapter to motivate users and build their confidence.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
Introduction xxix
PART I Foundational Concepts
Basic Concepts of Electricity
3(28)
General Information Regarding the field of Electronics
4(3)
Definition, Physical and Chemical States of Matter
7(1)
Composition of Matter
8(1)
Structure of the Atom
9(4)
Concept of the Electron Theory
13(1)
Ions
13(1)
Energies That Change Electrical Balance
14(1)
Conductors, Semiconductors, and Insulators
14(2)
Sample of an Electrical System
16(1)
Basic Principles of Static Electricity
17(4)
Electrical Potential
21(1)
Charges in Motion
21(3)
Three Important Electrical Quantities
24(1)
Basic Electrical Circuit
24(7)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Review Questions
Analysis Questions
Electrical Quantities and Components
31(40)
Basic Electrical Units and Abbreviations
32(2)
Using the Metric System to Help
34(4)
Conductors and Their Characteristics
37(5)
Resistors
42(5)
Resistor Color Code
47(4)
Measuring Voltage, Current, and Resistance with Meters
51(6)
Diagrams Used for Electronic Shorthand
57(14)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Review Questions
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
PART II Basic Circuit Analysis
Ohm's law
71(26)
Ohm's Law and Relationships Between Electrical Quantities
72(4)
Three Common Arrangements for the Ohm's Law Equation
76(3)
Sample Application of Metric Prefixes and Powers of 10
79(1)
Analysis 3-4 Direction of Current Flow
80(1)
Polarity and Voltage
81(1)
Comparison of Circuit Current Directions from DC and AC Sources
82(2)
Work, Energy, and Power
84(1)
Measuring Electrical Energy Consumption
85(2)
Commonly Used Versions of Ohm's Law and Power Formulas
87(10)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Series Circuits
97(50)
Definition and Characteristics of a Series Circuit
98(1)
Resistance in Series Circuits
99(2)
Voltage in Series Circuits
101(3)
Kirchhoff's Voltage law
104(3)
Power in Series Circuits
107(2)
Effects of Opens in Series Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints
109(1)
Effects of Shorts in Series Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints
110(4)
Designing a Series Circuit to Specifications
114(1)
Special Applications
115(8)
Critical Thinking and the Simpler Troubleshooting Sequence
123(1)
Introduction to Troubleshooting Skills
123(1)
The Simpler Sequence for Troubleshooting
123(2)
Troubleshooting Levels
125(3)
``A Systems'' Approach to Troubleshooting
128(3)
Using the Sinipler Sequence: (A Closer Look at Component-Level Troubleshooting) A Single-Component Example
131(16)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 1
141(4)
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 2
145(2)
Parallel Circuits
147(42)
Definition and Characteristics of a Parallel Circuit
149(1)
Voltage in Parallel Circuits
150(1)
Current in Parallel Circuits
150(1)
Kirchhoff's Current Law
151(1)
Resistance in Parallel Circuits
152(1)
Methods to Calculate Total Resistance (Rt)
153(8)
Power in Parallel Circuits
161(2)
Effects of Opens in Parallel Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints
163(1)
Effects of Shorts in Parallel Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints
164(2)
Similarities and Differences Between Series and Parallel Circuits
166(1)
Designing a Parallel Circuit to Specifications
166(3)
Sources in Parallel
169(1)
Current Dividers
169(20)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 3
183(4)
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 4
187(2)
Series-Parallel Circuits
189(50)
What Is a Series-Parallel Circuit?
190(1)
Approaches to Recognize and Analyze Series and Parallel Circuit Portions
190(4)
Total Resistance in Series-Parallel Circuits
194(5)
Current in Series-Parallel Circuits
199(1)
Voltage in Series-Parallel Circuits
200(4)
Power in Series-Parallel Circuits
204(2)
Effects of Opens in Series-Parallel Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints
206(3)
Effects of Shorts in Series-Parallel Circuits and Troubleshooting Hints
209(1)
Designing a Series-Parallel Circuit to Specifications
210(2)
Loaded Voltage Dividers
212(8)
The Wheatstone Bridge Circuit
220(19)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 5
233(4)
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 6
237(2)
Basic Network Theorems
239(28)
Some Important Terms
240(1)
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
241(3)
Superposition Theorem
244(6)
Thevenin's Theorem
250(4)
Norton's Theorem
254(4)
Converting Norton and Thevenin Equivalent Parameters
258(9)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Network Analysis Techniques
267(26)
Assumed Loop or Mesh Current Analysis Approach
268(6)
Nodal Analysis Approach
274(4)
Conversions of Delta and Wye Networks
278(15)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
PART III Producing and Measuring Electrical Quantities
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
293(38)
Background Information
294(1)
Fundamental laws, Rules, and Terms to Describe Magnetism
295(4)
Elemental Electromagnetism
299(6)
Important Magnetic Units, Terms, Symbols, and formulas
305(2)
Practical Considerations About Core Materials
307(1)
The B-H Curve
308(1)
The Hysteresis Loop
309(2)
Induction and Related Effects
311(3)
Faraday's law
314(2)
Lenz's law and Reciprocal Effects of Motors and Generators
316(2)
Some Practical Applications of Magnetism
318(5)
Other Topics Related to Magnetism
323(8)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Measuring Instruments
331(16)
Digital Multimeters (DMMs)
333(1)
Analog Meters (VOMs)
334(2)
Voltmeter loading Effects
336(3)
Special Purpose Measuring Devices
339(2)
Troubleshooting Hints and Useful Measuring Techniques
341(3)
Closing Comments About Measuring Instruments
344(3)
Summary
Review Questions
Analysis Questions
Basic AC Quantities
347(34)
Background Information
348(4)
Generating an AC Voltage
352(5)
Rate of Change
357(1)
Introductory Information Summary Regarding AC Sine-Wave Signals
358(1)
Some Basic Sine-Wave Waveform Descriptors
359(1)
Period and Frequency
360(3)
Phase Relationships
363(1)
Important AC Sine-Wave Current and Voltage Values
364(3)
The Purely Resistive AC Circuit
367(2)
Other Periodic Waveforms
369(12)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
The Oscilloscope
381(28)
Background Information
382(2)
Key Sections of the Scope
384(5)
Combining Horizontal and Vertical Signals to View a Waveform
389(2)
Measuring Voltage and Determining Current with the Scope
391(3)
Using the Scope for Phase Comparisons
394(1)
Determining Frequency with the Scope
395(3)
A Test Device Often Used with Circuits and Scopes
398(11)
Summary
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 7
403(6)
PART IV Reactive Components
Inductance
409(54)
Background Information
410(3)
Review of Faraday's and Lenz's laws
413(1)
Self-Inductance
413(2)
Factors that Determine Inductance Value of Inductors
415(1)
Inductors in Series and Parallel
416(3)
Energy Stored in the Inductor's Magnetic Field
419(1)
The L/R Time Constant
420(4)
Using Epsilon (a) to Help Calculate Circuit Parameters
424(5)
Summary Comments about Inductors
429(1)
Troubleshooting Hints
430(10)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Inductive Reactance in AC
V and I Relationships in a Purely Resistive AC Circuit
440(1)
V and I Relationships in a Purely Inductive AC Circuit
441(1)
Concept of Inductive Reactance
442(1)
Relationship of XL to Inductance Value
443(1)
Relationship of XL to frequency of AC
444(2)
Methods to Calculate Xl
446(1)
Inductive Reactances in Series and Parallel
447(2)
Summarizing Comments about Inductors Related to Inductive Reactance
449(2)
Inductor Q Factor
451(12)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 8
459(4)
RL Circuits in AC
463(38)
Review of Simple R and L Circuits
464(2)
Using Vectors to Describe and Determine Magnitude and Direction
466(2)
Introduction to Basic AC Circuit Analysis Techniques
468(3)
Fundamental Analysis of Series RL Circuits
471(9)
Fundamental Analysis of Parallel RL Circuits
480(5)
Examples of Practical Applications for Inductors and RL Circuits
485(16)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 9
497(4)
Basic Transformer Characteristics
501(28)
Background Information
502(1)
Coefficient of Coupling
503(1)
Mutual Inductance and Transformer Action
504(2)
Mutual Inductance Between toils Other than Transformers
506(1)
Important Transformer Ratios
507(7)
Transformer Losses
514(1)
Characteristics of Selected Transformers
515(4)
Troubleshooting Hints
519(10)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Capacitance
529(44)
Definition and Description of a Capacitor
530(1)
The Electrostatic Field
530(2)
Charging and Discharging Action
532(2)
The Unit of Capacitance
534(2)
Energy Stored in Capacitor's Electrostatic Field
536(1)
Factors Affecting Capacitance Value
536(2)
Capacitance Formulas
538(2)
Total Capacitance in Series and Parallel
540(3)
Finding Voltage When Three or More Capacitors are in Series
543(2)
The RC Time Constant
545(5)
Types of Capacitors
550(6)
Typical Color Codes
556(1)
Typical Problems and Troubleshooting Techniques
557(16)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 10
569(4)
Capacitive Reactance in AC
573(24)
V and I Relationships in a Purely Resistive AC Circuit
574(1)
V and I Relationships in a Purely Capacitive AC Circuit
574(2)
Concept of Capacitive Reactance
576(1)
Relationship of Xc to Capacitance Value
576(1)
Relationship of Xc to Frequency of At
577(1)
Methods to Calculate Xc
578(2)
Capacitive Reactances in Series and Parallel
580(2)
Voltages, Currents, and Capacitive Reactances
582(3)
Final Comments About Capacitors and Capacitive Reactance
585(12)
Summary
formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 11
593(4)
RC Circuits in AC
597(32)
Review of Simple R and C Circuits
598(1)
Series RC Circuit Analysis
598(5)
Phase-Shift Application of Series RC Network
603(5)
Parallel RC Circuit Analysis
608(3)
Similarities and Differences Between RC and RL Circuits
611(2)
Linear Waveshaping and Nonsinusoidal Waveforms
613(4)
Other Applications of RC Circuits
617(1)
Troubleshooting Hints and Considerations for RC Circuits
618(11)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
RLC Circuit Analysis
629(42)
Basic RLC Circuit Analysis
629(3)
The Series RLC Circuit
632(5)
The Parallel RLC Circuit
637(3)
Power in AC Circuits
640(6)
Rectangular and Polar Vector Analysis
646(7)
Algebraic Operations
653(3)
Application of Rectangular and Polar Analysis
656(15)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 12
667(4)
Series and Parallel Resonance
671(50)
XL, XC, and frequency
672(1)
Series Resonance Characteristics
673(1)
The Resonant frequency Formula
674(4)
Some Resonance Carves
678(1)
Q and Resonant Rise of Voltage
679(2)
Parallel Resonance Characteristics
681(2)
Parallel Resonance formulas
683(1)
Effect of a Coupled Load on the Tuned Circuit
684(1)
Q and the Resonant Rise of Impedance
684(1)
Selectivity, Bandwidth, and Bandpass
684(4)
Measurements Related to Resonant Circuits
688(4)
Special Notations About Single Components
692(1)
Filter Applications of Nonresonant and Resonant RLC Circuits
692(29)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 13
711(4)
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 14
715(6)
PART V Introductory Devices and Circuits
Semiconductor Materials and P-N Junctions
721(18)
Semiconductor Materials
722(7)
The P-N Junction
729(10)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Diodes and Diode Circuits
739(48)
Diodes
740(3)
Diode Models
743(6)
Rectifier Diodes
749(5)
Switching Diodes
754(1)
Sinusoidal Inputs
755(10)
Zener Diodes
765(9)
Other Types of Diodes
774(13)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Question
Problems
Analysis Questions
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 14
783(2)
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 15
785(2)
Power Supply Circuits
787(50)
Elements of Power Supply Circuits
788(1)
Rectifier Circuits
789(16)
Basic Power Supply Filters
805(4)
Simple Power Supply Regulators
809(2)
Basic Voltage Multiplier Circuits
811(2)
Advanced Power Supply Topics
813(5)
Troubleshooting Power Supplies
818(19)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Question
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 16
825(6)
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 17
831(6)
Bipolar Junction Transistors
837(30)
Basic Types of Transistors
837(3)
BJT Bias Voltages and Currents
840(3)
BJT Operation
843(3)
BJT Characteristic Curves
846(2)
An NPN Transistor Circuit Model
848(2)
Basic Uses of the BJT
850(4)
Other BJT Ratings
854(5)
Information for the Technician
859(8)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
BJT Amplifier Circuits
867(44)
Basic Concepts of Amplifiers
868(1)
Transistor Biasing Circuits
869(4)
Amplifier Circuit Configurations
873(14)
Classification by Signal levels
887(1)
Classification by Class of Operation
888(5)
Analysis of BJT Amplifiers
893(18)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 18
905(6)
Field-Effect Transistors and Circuits
911(38)
Junction field-Effect Transistors
912(11)
MOS Field-Effect Transistors
923(12)
FET Handling Precautions
935(1)
Power FETs
936(5)
FET summary
941(8)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Operational Amplifiers
949(50)
Background Information
950(6)
An Inverting Amplifier
956(1)
A Noninverting Amplifier
957(3)
Op-amp Input Modes
960(3)
Math Using Op-amp Circuits
963(6)
Special Purpose Op-amp Circuits
969(2)
Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) Circuits
971(2)
Active Filter Circuits
973(6)
Digital Interface Circuits
979(3)
Future Trends in Electronics
982(17)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
MultiSIM Exercise
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit 20
993(6)
Oscillators and Multivibrators
999(30)
Introduction to Oscillators
1000(2)
LC Sine-Wave Oscillators
1002(7)
Crystal Oscillators
1009(3)
RC Sine-Wave Oscillators
1012(4)
Multivibrators
1016(13)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Questions
Problems
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Thyristors
1029(18)
Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs)
1030(10)
Diars
1040(2)
Triacs
1042(1)
Troubleshooting Thyristors
1043(4)
Summary
Review Questions
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Optoelectronics
1047(1)
Optical Sources (Photoemitters)
1048(7)
Photo-Reactive Devices (Photodetectors)
1055(2)
Opto-Isolators
1057(10)
Fiber-Optic Cable Systems
1061(4)
Optoelectronic Application Circuits
1065(4)
Summary
Formulas and Sample Calculator Sequences
Using Excel
Review Question
Problems
Analysis Questions
Performance Projects Correlation Chart
Troubleshooting Challenge: Challenge Circuit
1069(2)
Appendix A Color Codes 1071(64)
Appendix B Answers 1075(41)
Appendix C Troubleshooting Challenge Test Results 1116(2)
Appendix D Using a Scientific Calculator 1118(6)
Appendix E Copper-Wire Table 1124(1)
Appendix F Useful Conversion Factors 1125(1)
Appendix G Schematic Symbols 1126(1)
Appendix H Glossary 1127(19)
Index 1140

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