| Preface |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
| IPA Transcription Key |
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xiii | |
| 1 What Is a Word? |
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1 | (20) |
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1.1 Explaining Word in Words |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 Language Is a Secret Decoder Ring |
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4 | (3) |
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1.3 Wordhood: The Whole Kit and Caboodle |
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7 | (4) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.5 The Anatomy of a Listeme |
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12 | (2) |
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1.6 What Don't You Have to Learn When You're Learning a Word? |
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14 | (2) |
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1.7 A Scientific Approach to Language |
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16 | (1) |
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Appendix: Basic Grammatical Terms |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
| 2 Sound and Fury: English Phonology |
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21 | (33) |
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2.1 English Spelling and English Pronunciation |
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21 | (4) |
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25 | (2) |
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2.3 The Building Blocks of Words I: Consonants in the IPA |
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27 | (9) |
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2.4 Building Blocks II: Vowels and the IPA |
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36 | (9) |
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2.5 Families of Sounds and Grimm's Law: A Case in Point |
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45 | (6) |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (1) |
| 3 Phonological Words: Calling All Scrabble Players! |
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54 | (36) |
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3.1 Guessing at Words: The Scrabble Problem |
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54 | (4) |
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3.2 Building Blocks III: The Syllable |
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58 | (3) |
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3.3 Phonotactic Restrictions on English Syllables |
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61 | (10) |
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3.4 From a Stream of Sound into Words: Speech Perception |
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71 | (4) |
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3.5 Syllables, Rhythm, and Stress |
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75 | (3) |
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3.6 Using Stress to Parse the Speech Stream into Words |
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78 | (2) |
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3.7 Misparsing the Speech Stream, Mondegreens, and Allophones |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (1) |
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3.9 What We Know about Phonological Words |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (4) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
| 4 Where Do Words Come From? |
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90 | (21) |
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90 | (1) |
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4.2 When Do We Have a New Word? |
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91 | (1) |
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4.3 New Words by "Mistake": Back-Formations and Folk Etymologies |
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92 | (3) |
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4.4 New Words by Economizing: Clippings |
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95 | (1) |
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4.5 Extreme Economizing: Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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96 | (2) |
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4.6 Building New Words by Putting Listemes Together: Affixation and Compounding |
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98 | (3) |
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4.7 Compounding Clips and Mixing It up: Blends |
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101 | (1) |
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4.8 New Listemes via Meaning Change |
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102 | (4) |
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4.9 But Are These Words Really New? |
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106 | (1) |
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4.10 What Makes a New Word Stick? |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
| 5 Pre- and Suf-fix-es: Engl-ish Morph-o-log-y |
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111 | (33) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (12) |
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5.3 Affixal Syntax: Who's My Neighbor? Part I |
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124 | (3) |
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5.4 Affixal Phonology: Who's My Neighbor? Part II |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (6) |
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5.6 Closed-Class and Open-Class Morphemes: Reprise |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (4) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (2) |
| 6 Morphological Idiosyncrasies |
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144 | (41) |
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6.1 Different Listemes, Same Meaning: Irregular Suffixes |
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145 | (8) |
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153 | (2) |
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6.3 Linguistic Paleontology: Fossils of Older Forms |
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155 | (9) |
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6.4 Why Some but Not Others? |
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164 | (2) |
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6.5 How Do Kids Figure It Out? |
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166 | (2) |
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6.6 Representing Complex Suffixal Restrictions |
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168 | (2) |
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6.7 Keeping Irregulars: Semantic Clues to Morphological Classes |
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170 | (3) |
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6.8 Really Irregular: Suppletive Forms |
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173 | (2) |
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6.9 Losing Irregulars: Producing Words on the Fly |
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175 | (2) |
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6.10 Productivity, Blocking, and Bushisms |
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177 | (3) |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
| 7 Lexical Semantics: The Structure of Meaning, the Meaning of Structure |
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185 | (33) |
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7.1 Function Meaning vs. Content Meaning |
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186 | (3) |
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189 | (1) |
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7.3 Function Words and their Meanings |
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190 | (7) |
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7.4 Content Words and their Meanings |
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197 | (7) |
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7.5 Relationships and Argument Structure: Meaning and Grammar |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (3) |
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7.7 Derivational Morphology and Argument Structure |
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209 | (1) |
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7.8 Subtleties of Argument Structure |
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210 | (2) |
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7.9 Function vs. Content Meanings: The Showdown |
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212 | (2) |
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7.10 How Do We Learn All That? |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
| 8 Children Learning Words |
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218 | (21) |
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8.1 How Do Children Learn the Meanings of Words? |
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218 | (4) |
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8.2 Learning Words for Middle-Sized Observables |
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222 | (4) |
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226 | (1) |
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8.4 Morphological and Syntactic Clues |
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226 | (2) |
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8.5 Learning Words for Non-Observables |
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228 | (1) |
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8.6 Syntactic Frames, Semantic Roles, and Event Structure |
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229 | (2) |
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8.7 Agent—Patient Protoroles |
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231 | (1) |
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8.8 Functional Listemes Interacting with Content Listemes |
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232 | (1) |
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8.9 Simple Co-Occurrence? Or Actual Composition? |
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233 | (3) |
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8.10 Yes, but Where Do the Words Come from in the First Place? |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
| 9 Accidents of History: English in Flux |
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239 | (42) |
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9.1 Linguistic Change, and Lots of It |
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239 | (10) |
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9.2 Layers of Vocabulary and Accidents of History |
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249 | (1) |
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9.3 A Brief History of England, as Relevant to the English Vocabulary |
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249 | (1) |
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9.4 55 Bc to 600 AD: How the English Came to England |
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250 | (3) |
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9.5 600-900 AD: The English and the Vikings |
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253 | (2) |
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9.6 1066-1200: Norman Rule |
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255 | (1) |
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9.7 1200-1450: Anglicization of the Normans |
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256 | (3) |
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9.8 1450-1600: The English Renaissance |
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259 | (3) |
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9.9 1600-1750: Restoration, Expansion |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (3) |
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9.11 The Rise of Prescriptivism: How to Really Speak Good |
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266 | (1) |
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9.12 English Orthography: The Latin Alphabet, the Quill Pen, the Printing Press, and the Great Vowel Shift |
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267 | (9) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (2) |
| Glossary |
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281 | (9) |
| Works Consulted |
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290 | (1) |
| Index |
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291 | |
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