Electron Spin Resonance A Comprehensive Treatise on Experimental Techniques/Second Edition,9780486694443

Electron Spin Resonance A Comprehensive Treatise on Experimental Techniques/Second Edition

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Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780486694443
ISBN10: 0486694445
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1997-03-06
Publisher(s): Dover Publications
List Price: $22.95

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Summary

Second edition of classic reference offers overall summary and bibliography of experimental techniques and a balanced treatment of both theoretical and practical aspects of ESR instrumentation. Includes coverage of enhancement techniques, helices and acoustic spin resonance; how to build and use ESR spectrometer. References. 411 text figures. 1982 edition.

Table of Contents

Grecian Symbols xxi(2)
Roman Symbols xxiii
1. Introduction
1(23)
A. Historical Background
1(1)
B. Spectroscopy
2(1)
C. Magnetic Moments
3(5)
D. The Spin Hamiltonian
8(9)
E. Information Gained from Electron Spin Resonance
17(1)
F. Systems Studied by Electron Spin Resonance
18(1)
G. Relationship of ESR with Magnetic Susceptibility and Other Techniques
19(2)
References
21(3)
2. Guided Electromagnetic Waves
24(45)
A. Reflection of Plane Waves from Conductors
24(4)
B. Electromagnetic Field of Guided Waves
28(4)
C. Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio
32(4)
D. Coaxial Lines
36(3)
E. Rectangular Waveguides
39(12)
F. Cylindrical Waveguides
51(7)
G. Miscellaneous Channels for Microwaves
58(2)
H. Waveguides beyond Cutoff
60(1)
I. Imperfect Dielectrics
61(3)
J. Skin Effect
64(3)
References
67(2)
3. Microwave Generators
69(26)
A. Magnetrons
69(1)
B. Traveling-Wave Tubes and Backward-Wave Oscillators
69(2)
C. Klystrons
71(4)
D. Solid-State Generators
75(10)
E. Klystron Power Supplies
85(2)
F. Frequency Stabilization of Klystrons
87(4)
G. Frequency Determination
91(1)
References
92(3)
4. Waveguide Components
95(28)
A. Spectrometer Components
95(1)
B. Attenuator
95(3)
C. Isolator
98(3)
D. Directional Coupler
101(2)
E. Magic T
103(4)
F. Circulator
107(2)
G. Tuner
109(3)
H. Matched Load
112(1)
I. Iris
113(1)
J. Mode Transducer
114(1)
K. Slotted Section
115(2)
L. Quarter-Wavelength Transformer
117(1)
M. Antenna
118(1)
N. Phase Shifter
119(1)
O. Flexible Coupling and Rotary Joint
120(2)
P. Flange
122(1)
References
122(1)
5. Resonant Cavities
123(89)
A. Series RLC-Tuned Circuit
123(2)
B. Microwave Resonant Cavity
125(3)
C. Rectangular Resonant Cavities
128(7)
D. Cylindrical Resonant Cavities
135(8)
E. Coaxial Resonant Cavities
143(1)
F. Coupling to Resonators
143(8)
G. Radiation Quality Factor
151(5)
H. Filling Factors
156(15)
I. Measurement of rf Field H1
171(3)
J. Partially Loaded Cavities
174(8)
K. Simultaneous Excitation in Two Modes
182(3)
L. Microwave Induction Spectrometer
185(3)
M. Resonant Cavities Containing Two Samples
188(1)
N. Resonant Cavities Constructed from Insulating Materials
189(1)
O. Circular Polarization and the Sign of the g Factor
189(7)
P. Summary and Applications
196(9)
References
205(7)
6. Magnetic Field, Scanning and Modulation
212(47)
A. Magnetic Field Requirements
212(3)
B. The Magnetic Circuit
215(5)
C. Magnetometers
220(4)
D. Magnet Scanning
224(2)
E. DC Detection
226(1)
F. Source Modulation
227(2)
G. Magnetic Field Modulation
229(4)
H. Effect of Modulation Amplitude on the Resonance Line
233(14)
I. Effect of Modulation Frequency on the Resonance Line
247(4)
J. Helmholtz Modulation Coils
251(2)
K. Double Modulation
253(1)
References
254(5)
7. Detection
259(30)
A. Calorimetric Detection
259(1)
B. Bolometers
260(1)
C. Crystals
261(7)
D. Balanced Mixers
268(2)
E. Superheterodyne Detection
270(1)
F. Lock-In Detectors
271(9)
G. Oscilloscopic Presentation
280(1)
H. Recorder Presentation and Response Time
281(4)
I. Integration
285(1)
References
286(3)
8. Vacuum Systems
289(30)
A. Pretreatment of Samples
289(3)
B. Properties of Gases in Vacuo
292(5)
C. Pumps
297(4)
D. Pressure-Measuring Devices
301(5)
E. Typical Vacuum System
306(3)
F. Flow Systems
309(3)
G. Generation of Radical Ions
312(4)
References
316(3)
9. Variable Temperatures and Pressures
319(33)
A. High Temperatures
319(5)
B. Low Temperatures (70-300 K)
324(3)
C. Very Low Temperatures (Below 77 K)
327(10)
D. High Pressures
337(9)
References
346(6)
10. Irradiation
352(29)
A. Types of Irradiation
352(2)
B. Neutrons
354(1)
C. Charged Particles
354(4)
D. Gamma Rays and X Rays
358(2)
E. Ultraviolet, Visible, and Infrared Radiation
360(5)
F. Gas Discharges
365(1)
G. Time and Temperature Effects
365(4)
H. Experimental Techniques
369(1)
I. Effect of Radiation on Materials
370(2)
J. Units and Definitions of Terms
372(1)
References
373(8)
11. Sensitivity
381(78)
A. Q and Frequency Changes at Resonance
381(8)
B. Noise Sources
389(3)
C. Signal-to-Noise Ratio
392(8)
D. Number of Spins
400(9)
E. Temperature
409(5)
F. Narrow Band Amplification and Detection
414(4)
G. Resonant Cavities and Helices
418(6)
H. Masers and Parametric Amplifiers
424(6)
I. Enhancement of Spectra
430(7)
J. Choice of Sample Size
437(6)
K. Standard Samples and Number of Spins
443(7)
L. Computer Data Processing
450(1)
M. Spectrometer Systems
450(1)
References
451(8)
12. Lineshapes
459(118)
A. Resonance Absorption Line
459(7)
B. First-Derivative Absorption Line
466(11)
C. Second-Derivative Absorption Line
477(2)
D. Comparison of Lorentzian and Gaussian Lineshapes
479(7)
E. Overlapping Resonances
486(1)
F. Finite-Moment Lorentzian-Type Lineshapes
486(3)
G. Convolution Shape
489(1)
H. Dispersion Line
490(4)
I. Dysonian Shape
494(9)
J. Small Clusters of Spins
503(3)
K. Anisotropic g Factors
506(8)
L. Powder Patterns
514(6)
M. Triplet States
520(4)
N. Amorphous and Semirandom Distributions
524(4)
O. Intermediate Motion Regime in Liquids
528(5)
P. Concentration and Temperature Dependence
533(3)
Q. Hyperfine Components in Solution
536(2)
R. Alternating Linewidths
538(1)
S. Spin Labels
539(1)
T. Phase Transitions
540(2)
U. Liquid Crystals
542(2)
V. Computer Applications
544(2)
W. Origin of Moments of Spectral Lines
546(7)
References
553(24)
13. Relaxation Times
577(67)
A. General Description of Relaxation Times
577(6)
B. Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Broadening
583(6)
C. Saturation Methods for Determining Relaxation Times
589(11)
D. Pulse Spectrometers
600(8)
E. Time-Resolved ESR
608(10)
F. Spin Echoes
618(9)
G. Saturation Transfer
627(5)
H. Muon Spin Rotation
632(1)
References
633(11)
14. Double Resonance
644(79)
A. Double-Resonance Schemes
644(5)
B. ENDOR Instrumentation
649(12)
C. Triple Resonance
661(3)
D. ELDOR Reduction Factor
664(3)
E. ELDOR Instrumentation
667(7)
F. Dynamic Nuclear and Electron Polarization
674(5)
G. Electric Field Effects
679(5)
H. Optical Double Magnetic Resonance
684(3)
I. Optical Double-Resonance Instrumentation
687(13)
J. Acoustic Electron Spin Resonance
700(7)
References
707(16)
Author Index 723(46)
Subject Index 769

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