Drug Calculations : Process and Problems for Clinical Practice,9780323025621

Drug Calculations : Process and Problems for Clinical Practice

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Edition: 7th
ISBN13: 9780323025621
ISBN10: 0323025625
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2003-10-24
Publisher(s): Mosby
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Summary

This resource provides all the information, explanation, and practice needed to competently and confidently calculate drug dosages. The content features extensive coverage of the ratio and proportion method of drug calculation in a full-color workbook, including a logical step-by-step format for all problems and a "proof" step in the answer key to ensure that the users understand each calculation. Each copy is packaged with the Daugherty & Romans' Dosages and Solutions CD-ROM companion. Ratio and proportion method used throughout presents a logical, accurate, and consistent method of calculation. Step-by-Step format for each problem includes a "proof" step, providing a tool for readers to check their comprehension and ensure accuracy. Clinical Alerts highlight potential and common drug calculation errors. Patient Safety chapter helps the reader prevent medication errors and understand drug labels, medication administration forms, and physician's order forms. Critical Thinking Exercises aid in applying analytical skills and dosage calculations to clinical practice. Coverage of life span issues includes a separate chapter on Children's Dosages. Worksheets with a series of practice problems follow each section proceeding from a simple to complex format, promoting active learning and application of drug calculation. Chapter Finals cover diagnostic-related content problems and help students measure their knowledge. Clear, concise explanations throughout include Examples to ensure comprehension. Pertinent content highlighted through Rules, Steps, and Remembers, making information easy to find. A number of full-color drug labels and equipment illustrations provide a realistic representation of medication administration. Each copy is packaged with the Daugherty & Romans' Dosages and Solutions CD-ROM Companion. Multiple-Choice Worksheets are now included with each chapter. The answer key contains a completely worked out solution to each problem, assisting with NCLEX preparation. A new chapter on Dimensional Analysis provides exposure to this increasingly popular method of calculation. Content on Parenteral Nutrition has been reorganized to form a new chapter. A Multiple-Choice Final at the end of the book offers additional practice and helps to review and evaluate what has been learned. Chapter Introductions provide general discussion of content and help readers understand chapter expectations. Updated syringes throughout present readers with a more realistic representation of those used in practice. Sample Medical Administration Records reflect chapter content and familiarize the reader with this vital documentation tool.

Author Biography

Meta Brown, RN, MEd: Retired Colonel U.S. Army Field Hospital; Former Director, Division of Nursing, Gateway Community College, Phoenix, Arizona Joyce M. Mulholland, APRN, BC, MA, MS: Nursing Education Consultant, Phoenix, Arizona

Table of Contents

General Mathematics Self-Assessment 1(2)
1 General Mathematics 3(32)
Fractions,
4(1)
Changing Improper Fractions to Whole or Mixed Numbers,
4(1)
Changing Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions,
5(1)
Finding a Common Denominator for Two or More Fractions,
6(1)
Changing Fractions to Equivalent Fractions,
7(1)
Reducing Fractions to Lowest Terms,
7(1)
Changing to Equivalent Fractions Using Higher Terms,
8(1)
Addition of Fractions and Mixed Numbers,
8(2)
Subtraction of Fractions and Mixed Numbers,
10(1)
Multiplication of Fractions and Mixed Numbers,
11(1)
Division of Fractions and Mixed Numbers,
12(1)
Value of Fractions,
13(2)
Value of Decimals,
15(3)
Addition of Decimals,
18(1)
Subtraction of Decimals,
19(1)
Multiplication of Decimals,
20(1)
Division of Decimals,
20(4)
Changing Decimals to Fractions,
24(1)
Changing Common Fractions to Decimals,
25(1)
Rounding Decimals,
26(2)
Percentages, Decimals, and Fractions,
28(5)
Changing a Percentage to a Fraction,
28(1)
Changing a Percentage to a Decimal,
28(1)
Changing a Decimal to a Percentage,
28(2)
Finding the Percentage,
30(1)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
31(2)
Chapter 1 Final,
33(2)
2 Ratio and Proportion 35(10)
Ratio,
36(1)
Proportion,
36(4)
Solving Proportion Problems When One of the Numbers is Unknown, or x,
37(3)
Setting Up Ratios and Proportions,
40(3)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
43(1)
Chapter 2 Final,
44(1)
3 Patient Safety: Errors, Orders, Labels, and Records 45(24)
Patient Safety,
46(1)
How to Avoid Medication Errors,
46(6)
Physician's Orders,
47(1)
Preparation,
48(1)
Medication Packaging,
48(2)
Labels,
50(1)
Calculations,
50(1)
Administration,
51(1)
Reporting and Documenting,
51(1)
Interventions,
52(1)
Evaluation,
52(1)
Interpreting Medication Labels,
52(6)
Oral Drug Forms: Solids and Liquids,
53(5)
The 24-Hour Clock: 0000-2400 Hours,
58(2)
Understanding Medication Administration Records (MARS),
60(1)
The Six Rights of Drug Administration,
61(4)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
65(2)
Critical Thinking Exercises,
67(2)
4 Metric System Calculations 69(36)
Metric System,
70(1)
Metric Conversions by Moving Decimals,
71(2)
Rounding Medication Doses,
73(2)
Rounding Milliliters,
73(1)
Rounding Drops,
74(1)
One-Step Metric Ratio and Proportion Calculations,
75(9)
Two-Step Metric Ratio and Proportion Calculations,
84(5)
Measuring and Reading Amounts in a Syringe,
89(11)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
100(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises,
101(1)
Chapter 4 Final,
102(3)
5 Medications from Powders and Crystals 105(33)
Measuring Liquid Medications,
106(8)
Reconstituting Medications,
114(1)
Types of Diluents,
114(1)
Diluting Powders or Crystals in Vials,
115(2)
Reconstitution: Medication Labels,
117(12)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
129(3)
Critical Thinking Exercises,
132(1)
Chapter 5 Final,
133(5)
6 Basic IV Calculations
IV Infusions,
138(1)
Types of IV Lines,
138(1)
IV Calculations,
139(7)
Drop Factor Calculations,
140(6)
Abbreviations for Common Intravenous Solutions,
146(1)
Percentage of Solute in IV Bags,
146(7)
IV Delivery Sets,
153(8)
Needleless IV Systems,
153(1)
Gravity Piggyback Infusions,
154(1)
Piggyback Premixed IVs,
154(1)
Nurse-Activated Piggyback Systems,
155(1)
Electronic Infusion Devices,
156(3)
Piggyback Infusions,
159(2)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
161(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises,
162(1)
Chapter 6 Final,
162(1)
7 Advanced IV Calculations 163(24)
Advanced IV Calculations,
164(1)
Titrated Infusions,
164(12)
Solving Titrated Infusion Problems,
165(1)
Hourly Drug and Flow Rate Formula for Titrated Infusions,
165(11)
Direct IV (Bolus) Administration With a Syringe,
176(5)
Timing IV Push Medications-Method 1,
176(1)
Timing IV Push Medications-Method 2,
177(4)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
181(2)
Critical Thinking Exercises,
183(1)
Chapter 7 Final,
183(4)
8 Parenteral Nutrition 187(18)
Total Parenteral Nutrition,
188(14)
Total Grams Per Bag,
190(2)
Percentage of Concentration Per Bag,
192(1)
Percentage of Additives,
192(1)
mL/Hour to Set the Pump,
192(1)
Kilocalories (Kcal) Per Bag,
192(1)
Validation of TPN Label With Physician's Order,
193(2)
Nursing Considerations for TPN,
195(7)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
202(2)
Critical Thinking Exercises,
204(1)
Chapter 8 Final,
204(1)
9 Insulin 205(30)
Insulin,
206(1)
Diabetes Mellitus,
206(1)
Injection Sites,
207(1)
Types of Insulin,
207(3)
Types of U-100 Insulins,
210(2)
Fast-Acting,
210(1)
Intermediate-Acting,
210(1)
Intermediate- and Fast-Acting Mixtures,
211(1)
Long-Acting,
211(1)
Insulin Syringes,
212(1)
Types of U-100 Insulin Syringes,
212(1)
Insulin Orders,
213(6)
Mixing Insulin,
219(5)
Sliding Scale Calculations,
224(2)
Intravenous Insulin,
226(4)
Oral Diabetes Medications,
230(1)
Insulin Infusion Devices,
230(1)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
231(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises,
232(1)
Chapter 9 Final,
232(3)
10 Anticoagulants 235(14)
Injectable Anticoagulants,
236(7)
Subcutaneous Heparin Injections,
238(4)
IV Flushes,
242(1)
IV Heparin,
243(1)
Oral Anticoagulants,
244(1)
Titrated Heparin,
245(1)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
245(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises,
246(1)
Chapter 10 Final,
247(2)
11 Children's Dosages 249(32)
Dosages Based on Body Weight and Surface Area,
250(1)
The mg/kg Method,
250(5)
Steps to Solving mg/kg Problems,
250(5)
The BSA Method (mg/rn2),
255(9)
Calculating BSA (m2) Using a Mathematical Formula,
255(9)
Children's IV Medications: Reconstitution, Dilution, and Flow Rate Information,
264(10)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
274(2)
Critical Thinking Exercises,
276(1)
Chapter 11 Final,
276(5)
12 Dimensional Analysis 281(12)
Dimensional Analysis,
282(7)
Multiple-Choice Practice,
289(2)
Chapter 12 Final,
291(2)
Multiple-Choice Final 293(8)
Comprehensive Final 301(8)
Answer Key 309(102)
Index 411

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