CompTIA A+ Exam Prep (Exams A+ Essentials, 220-602, 220-603, 220-604)

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Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback w/CD
Pub. Date: 2008-01-01
Publisher(s): Que Pub
List Price: $59.99

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Summary

This A+ exam prep from renowned expert and author Charles Brooks is the complete certification solution for A+ success. With the exam undergoing a comprehensive update in 2006, A+ candidates will need all-new materials to prepare them for these exams. This book teaches the topics on the A+ Essentials, 220-602, 603, and 604 exams and is a must-have resource for certification candidates.

Table of Contents

Introductionp. 1
How This Book Helps Youp. 2
Organizationp. 2
Instructional Featuresp. 3
Extensive Practice Test Optionsp. 3
Final Reviewp. 4
Registering for the Examp. 4
Hardware and Software You Will Needp. 5
Advice on Taking the Examp. 5
Basic PC Terms and Conceptsp. 7
Introductionp. 10
The PC Systemp. 10
System Unit Casesp. 11
Form Factorsp. 20
Power Suppliesp. 22
System Boards (Motherboards)p. 26
Microprocessorp. 28
Chipsetsp. 30
Memory Units (RAM and ROM)p. 32
Basic Input/Output Systems (BIOS)p. 34
System Configuration Settingsp. 37
Expansion Slotsp. 39
Adapter Cardsp. 41
Data Storage Devicesp. 44
Removable Storagep. 48
Peripherals and Portsp. 50
Video Displaysp. 54
Printersp. 56
Exam Prep Questionsp. 57
Answers and Explanationsp. 62
Challenge Solutionp. 64
PC System Boardsp. 65
Introductionp. 67
System Board Form Factorsp. 67
ATX System Boardsp. 67
BTX System Boardsp. 69
Low-Profile Form Factorsp. 72
Pentium Chipsetsp. 73
System Bus Speedsp. 78
Expansion Slotsp. 79
PCI Local Busp. 79
PCI-Xp. 82
PCI Expressp. 82
AGP Slotsp. 85
Audio Modem Risers (AMR) and Communication Networking Risers (CNR)p. 87
Audio Modem Riser (AMR) Componentsp. 87
I/O Portsp. 88
Onboard Disk Drive Connectionsp. 89
SCSI Connectionsp. 93
Processor Socket Specificationsp. 94
AMD Slots and Socketsp. 96
DRAM Socketsp. 98
CMOS RAMp. 98
CMOS Setup Utilitiesp. 98
Exam Prep Questionsp. 112
Answers and Explanationsp. 117
Challenge Solutionsp. 119
Microprocessorsp. 121
Introductionp. 123
Intel Microprocessorsp. 123
The Pentium Processorp. 123
Advanced Pentium Architecturesp. 125
Intel Dual-Core Processorsp. 132
Advanced Intel Microprocessor Technologiesp. 134
AMD Processorsp. 135
Athlon 64 Processorsp. 137
Duron Processorsp. 138
Athlon Dual-Core Processorsp. 138
Opteron Processorsp. 141
Microprocessor Clock Speedsp. 144
Processor Power Supply Levelsp. 145
Configuring Microprocessors and Busesp. 146
Fans, Heat Sinks, and Cooling Systemsp. 148
BTX Thermal Modulep. 150
Advanced Cooling Systemsp. 150
Exam Prep Questionsp. 155
Answers and Explanationsp. 158
Challenge Solutionp. 160
Random Access Memory (RAM)p. 161
Introductionp. 163
SRAM and DRAMp. 163
SRAM Typesp. 164
Advanced DRAM Typesp. 164
Memory Overheadp. 167
Error Checking and Correctingp. 168
Cache Memory Operationsp. 171
RAM Packagingp. 172
RIMMp. 173
RAM Speed Ratingsp. 174
Exam Prep Questionsp. 178
Answers and Explanationsp. 180
Challenge Solutionp. 181
Data Storage Systemsp. 183
Introductionp. 185
Hard-Disk Drives (HDD)p. 185
Personal Video Recordersp. 188
RAID Systemsp. 190
Floppy-Disk Drivesp. 196
Magnetic Tape Drivesp. 197
Optical Storagep. 199
;CD-ROM Drivesp. 199
DVDsp. 204
Disk Drive Interfacesp. 205
Internal Disk-Drive Interfacesp. 206
IDE/ATA Interfacep. 206
Serial ATA (SATA) Interfacep. 209
Floppy-Drive Interfacep. 210
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)p. 211
Removable Storagep. 220
Flash Memoryp. 220
Exam Prep Questionsp. 225
Answers and Explanationsp. 228
Ports and Peripheralsp. 231
Introductionp. 233
Input/Output Interfacesp. 233
Initiating I/O Transfersp. 233
System Resource Allocationsp. 234
Ports, Cables, and Connectorsp. 237
PS/2 Connectorsp. 237
Universal Serial Bus (USB)p. 238
IEEE-1394 FireWire Busp. 243
Multimedia Connectionsp. 245
Legacy Portsp. 250
Parallel Portsp. 251
RS-232 Serial Portsp. 253
Game Portsp. 255
Typical Peripheral Systemsp. 256
Keyboardsp. 257
Pointing Devicesp. 258
Exam Prep Questionsp. 278
Answers and Explanationsp. 282
Challenge Solutionsp. 283
Installing, Upgrading, Configuring, and Optimizing PC Componentsp. 285
Introductionp. 287
Installing Storage Devicesp. 287
Installing Internal Storage Devicesp. 287
HDD Installationp. 288
Installing SCSI Adapter Cardsp. 295
Installing CD-ROM/DVD Drivesp. 303
Installing CD-RW and DVD±RW Drivesp. 304
Installing a Floppy Disk Drivep. 304
Installing External Storage Devices in Desktop PCsp. 305
Upgrading and Optimizing Disk Drivesp. 306
HDD Upgradingp. 306
Disk Drive Subsystem Enhancementsp. 307
Installing Video/Monitor Systemsp. 310
Installing Standard PC Input Devicesp. 311
Installing Scannersp. 312
Installing Bar Code Scannersp. 313
Installing Sound Cardsp. 314
Installing Digital Camerasp. 314
Installing Adapter Card-Based Peripheralsp. 316
Installing Devices Using USB, IEEE-1394, PC Card, and IrDAp. 318
Upgrading Peripheral Devicesp. 321
Exam Prep Questionsp. 322
Answers and Explanationsp. 324
Challenge Solutionsp. 325
Basic Troubleshooting and Preventive Maintenance Techniquesp. 327
Introductionp. 330
Basic PC Troubleshootingp. 330
Diagnostic and Repair Toolsp. 331
Gathering Informationp. 332
Initial Troubleshooting Stepsp. 334
;Symptoms/Error Codesp. 336
Determining Hardware/Software/Configuration Problemsp. 339
Using a Multimeterp. 343
Field-Replaceable Unit Troubleshootingp. 348
Basic Preventive Maintenancep. 350
Cleaningp. 350
Preventive Maintenance Proceduresp. 352
Protecting Display Systemsp. 355
Protecting Hard-Disk Drivesp. 357
Protecting Removable Media Drivesp. 359
Protecting Input Devicesp. 361
Preventive Maintenance Schedulingp. 363
Exam Prep Questionsp. 366
Answers and Explanationsp. 369
Challenge Solutionsp. 371
Advanced PC Troubleshootingp. 373
Introductionp. 376
Isolating Power Supply Problemsp. 376
Checking a Dead Systemp. 377
Troubleshooting the System Boardp. 379
System Board Symptomsp. 380
Configuration Checksp. 382
Hardware Checksp. 382
Troubleshooting Keyboard Problemsp. 388
Troubleshooting Mouse Problemsp. 391
Troubleshooting Video Systemsp. 394
Troubleshooting HDDsp. 400
Troubleshooting CD-ROM and DVD Drivesp. 406
Troubleshooting FDDsp. 410
Troubleshooting Tape Drivesp. 412
Troubleshooting Other Removable Storage Systemsp. 413
Troubleshooting Port Problemsp. 414
IEEE-1394 Adapters and Portsp. 417
Troubleshooting Sound Cardsp. 419
Troubleshooting Front Panel Connectionsp. 421
Exam Prep Questionsp. 423
Answers and Explanationsp. 428
Challenge Solutionsp. 430
Portable Computer Fundamentalsp. 431
Introductionp. 434
Inside Portablesp. 434
Portable System Boardsp. 435
Microprocessors in Portablesp. 437
Pentium IIIM and 4M Processorsp. 438
Pentium M Processorsp. 439
Centrinop. 440
Pentium M Celeronsp. 440
Core Duo Processorsp. 441
AMD Mobile Processorsp. 443
Portable Memoryp. 443
Upgrading Portable Memoryp. 445
Portable Drivesp. 447
Upgrading/Replacing Portable Drivesp. 448
Portable Display Typesp. 449
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)p. 449
Portable Keyboardsp. 453
Trackballsp. 454
Touch Padsp. 455
Pointing Sticksp. 456
External Portable I/Op. 457
Peripheral Storage Devicesp. 458
External Floppy Disk Drivesp. 458
External CD-ROM/DVD Drivesp. 458
Removable Storagep. 459
PC Cardsp. 460
Cardbusp. 462
Adding PC Card Memoryp. 462
Installing PC Cardsp. 463
Installing PC Card Supportp. 464
Mini PCI/PCI Express Mini Cardsp. 464
Networking Portablesp. 466
Wireless Networking with Portablesp. 467
Portable Power Sourcesp. 471
Power Consumptionp. 472
Power Managementp. 473
Docking Stationsp. 475
Port Replicatorsp. 476
Portable System Upgradingp. 476
Upgrading Batteriesp. 476
Upgrading PC Cardsp. 477
Exam Prep Questionsp. 479
Answers and Explanationsp. 482
Challenge Solutionsp. 484
Maintaining and Repairing Portable Computersp. 485
Introductionp. 487
Troubleshooting Portable Systemsp. 487
Common LCD Display Problemsp. 489
Replacing the LCD Panelp. 491
Troubleshooting Portable Keyboardsp. 492
Troubleshooting Touch Padsp. 493
Troubleshooting Portable Unique Storagep. 493
Troubleshooting Infrared Portsp. 495
Troubleshooting PCMCIAp. 496
Troubleshooting Portable Power Issuesp. 497
Troubleshooting Docking Stations/Port Replicatorsp. 499
Portable Preventative Maintenancep. 500
Rough Handlingp. 501
Thermal Issuesp. 502
Cleaningp. 502
Exam Prep Questionsp. 503
Answers and Explanationsp. 504
Challenge Solutionsp. 505
Windows Operating Systemsp. 507
Introductionp. 509
Operating Systemsp. 509
Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)p. 510
The Windows NT Product Linep. 512
Windows Active Directoryp. 515
Windows 2000p. 516
Windows XPp. 518
Windows 2003 Serverp. 519
Windows Vista Operating Systemsp. 520
Navigating Windows 2000/XPp. 520
Windows 2000/XP Desktopsp. 521
Drop-Down Menusp. 527
The Taskbarp. 530
Start Menup. 531
Windows 2000 Control Panelp. 536
Windows Explorerp. 544
Windows XP Interface Variationsp. 547
Windows XP Media Center Interfacesp. 553
Command Prompt Proceduresp. 562
Working from the Command Linep. 563
Exam Prep Questionsp. 570
Answers and Explanationsp. 574
Challenge Solutionsp. 576
Major Windows Structuresp. 577
Introductionp. 579
The PC Hardware Startup Processp. 579
Windows 2000/XP Structuresp. 585
System Memory Managementp. 586
Windows 2000/XP Registriesp. 588
Windows 2000/XP File Systemsp. 592
Managing Partitionsp. 592
High-Level Formattingp. 594
FAT Disk Organizationp. 594
NTFS Disk Organizationp. 600
Files and Filenamesp. 611
File Typesp. 611
Windows 2000/XP Filesp. 612
File Encryption and Compressionp. 613
Exam Prep Questionsp. 617
Answers and Explanationsp. 620
Challenge Solutionsp. 622
Installing and Upgrading Operating Systemsp. 623
Introductionp. 625
Installing Windows 2000/XPp. 625
Installation Methodsp. 626
Hard Disk Drive Preparationp. 631
Managing Patches and Service Packsp. 632
Troubleshooting General Setup Problemsp. 634
Installing Windows 2000 Professionalp. 635
Windows 2000 Setup Problemsp. 637
Installing Windows XP Professionalp. 639
Windows XP MCE Hardware Requirementsp. 641
Windows XP Setup Problemsp. 642
Operating System Upgradingp. 643
Upgrading to Windows 2000p. 644
Upgrading to Windows XPp. 647
Performing Local Upgradesp. 648
Upgrade Problemsp. 650
Dual Bootingp. 651
Loading and Adding Device Driversp. 653
2000/XP Device Driversp. 654
SATA Driversp. 655
Finding Driversp. 655
Driver Signingp. 656
Exam Prep Questionsp. 658
Answers and Explanationsp. 661
Challenge Solutionsp. 662
Optimizing Operating Systemsp. 665
Introductionp. 667
Optimizing Windows 2000/XP Performancep. 667
Optimizing Virtual Memoryp. 668
Optimizing the Disk Drive Systemp. 669
Managing Temporary Filesp. 671
Optimizing System Servicesp. 673
Modifying the Startup Processp. 674
Monitoring System Performancep. 677
Monitoring Application Performance with System Monitorp. 678
Software Maintenancep. 684
Exam Prep Questionsp. 687
Answers and Explanationsp. 688
Challenge Solutionp. 689
Operating System Utilitiesp. 691
Introductionp. 693
Windows Disk-Management Toolsp. 693
Disk Cleanupp. 694
CHKDSKp. 695
HDD Defragmentationp. 696
Backupsp. 698
Removable Storage Utilityp. 709
Windows 2000/XP System Management Toolsp. 710
Event Viewerp. 710
Windows 2000/XP System Informationp. 713
Windows XP System Restorep. 715
Task Managerp. 716
Device Managerp. 717
MSCONFIG.EXEp. 721
Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance Featuresp. 722
File Management Toolsp. 723
System Editorsp. 723
Dr. Watsonp. 725
Command-Line Utilitiesp. 726
Windows Troubleshooting Help Filesp. 728
Internet Helpp. 731
Exam Prep Questionsp. 733
Answers and Explanationsp. 737
Challenge Solutionsp. 740
Basic Operating System Troubleshooting and Maintenancep. 741
Introductionp. 744
General OS Troubleshooting Processp. 745
Troubleshooting Startup Problemsp. 745
General Boot/Startup Problemsp. 746
Windows 2000/XP Startup Toolsp. 747
Using Windows XP System Restorep. 761
Windows 2000/XP Startup Problemsp. 766
Common OS Operational Problemsp. 770
Optional Devices Do Not Operatep. 770
Troubleshooting Stop-Errorsp. 771
Windows 2000/XP Application Problemsp. 773
Windows-Related Local Printing Problemsp. 778
Using Remote Desktop/Assistancep. 780
Configuring the Remote Desktop Functionp. 780
Conducting Remote Desktop Sessionsp. 781
Using Remote Assistancep. 783
Exam Prep Questionsp. 787
Answers and Explanationsp. 791
Challenge Solutionsp. 793
Printers and Scannersp. 795
Introductionp. 798
Printer Typesp. 798
Fontsp. 799
Basic Printer Componentsp. 800
Dot-Matrix Printersp. 802
Dot-Matrix Printer Mechanicsp. 805
Thermal Printersp. 807
Inkjet Printersp. 808
Laser Printersp. 812
Dye Sublimation Printersp. 818
Printer Installationp. 819
USB Printersp. 820
Networked Printersp. 821
Wireless Printer Interfacesp. 822
Infrared Printer Portsp. 822
Legacy Printer Interfacesp. 823
Printer Driversp. 826
Printer Control Panel Configurationp. 828
Printer Calibrationp. 829
Printer Options and Upgradesp. 831
Printing in Windowsp. 833
Establishing Printers in Windowsp. 836
Printer Propertiesp. 838
Network Printing with Windowsp. 839
Scannersp. 840
Exam Prep Questionsp. 845
Answers and Explanationsp. 850
Challenge Solutionsp. 852
Printer and Scanner Servicingp. 853
Introductionp. 856
Servicing Printersp. 856
General Printer Troubleshootingp. 857
Troubleshooting Dot-Matrix Printersp. 860
Dot-Matrix Printer Power Supply Problemsp. 861
Dot-Matrix Consumablesp. 861
Printhead Not Printingp. 863
Printhead Not Movingp. 865
Paper Not Advancingp. 866
Troubleshooting Inkjet Printersp. 867
Inkjet Printer Configuration Checksp. 868
Inkjet Consumablesp. 868
Printhead Not Printingp. 870
Printhead Not Movingp. 870
Paper Not Advancingp. 871
Troubleshooting Laser Printersp. 872
Laser Printer Consumablesp. 873
Printer Is Dead or Partially Disabledp. 874
Print on Page Is Missing or Badp. 875
Paper Does Not Feed or Is Jammedp. 877
Troubleshooting Scannersp. 879
Image Quality Problemsp. 880
Checking the Host Systemp. 881
Interface Cablesp. 882
Preventive Maintenance and Safety Issuesp. 882
Dot-Matrix/Inkjet Printersp. 883
Laser Printersp. 883
Laser Safety Issuesp. 884
Exam Prep Questionsp. 885
Answers and Explanationsp. 890
Challenge Solutionsp. 892
Basic Networking Conceptsp. 895
Introductionp. 897
Local Area Networks (LANs)p. 897
LAN Topologiesp. 898
Network Control Strategiesp. 900
Network Connectivity Devicesp. 903
Network Transmission Mediap. 907
Copper Cablingp. 907
Fiber-Optic Cablep. 913
Plenum Cablep. 916
Wireless Infrared Linksp. 916
Wireless RF Linksp. 917
Network Architecturesp. 920
Ethernetp. 921
Networking Protocolsp. 926
Exam Prep Questionsp. 928
Answers and Explanationsp. 934
Challenge Solutionsp. 936
Installing Local Area Networks (LANs)p. 937
Introductionp. 939
Installing and Configuring LAN Componentsp. 939
LAN Adapter Cardsp. 939
Installing LAN Cardsp. 941
Optimizing Network Adaptersp. 942
Installing Wireless LANsp. 943
Installing Network Components in Windows 2000/XP Control Panelsp. 951
Configuring Clients in Windows 2000/XPp. 955
Configuring Protocols in Windows 2000/XPp. 955
Networking with Novell NetWarep. 959
Sharing Network Resourcesp. 960
Network Sharesp. 961
Mapping a Drivep. 965
Exam Prep Questionsp. 967
Answers and Explanationsp. 969
Challenge Solutionsp. 970
Wide Area Networkingp. 973
Introductionp. 976
Internet Connectivityp. 976
Internet Service Providersp. 977
IP Addressesp. 978
Internet Domainsp. 983
Internet Access Methodsp. 984
LAN Access to the Internetp. 985
Dial-Up Accessp. 987
ISDN Connectionsp. 995
Digital Subscriber Linesp. 996
Cable Modemsp. 1002
Installing Digital Modemsp. 1004
Satellite Internet Accessp. 1006
Wireless Internet Accessp. 1008
Voice Over IPp. 1008
TCP/IPp. 1010
The TCP/IP Suitep. 1011
Internet Resourcesp. 1015
The World Wide Webp. 1015
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)p. 1017
Emailp. 1018
Secure Socket Layer Protocolp. 1018
Telnetp. 1020
Web Browsersp. 1020
Establishing Internet Browser Security Optionsp. 1022
Exam Prep Questionsp. 1026
Answers and Explanationsp. 1031
Challenge Solutionsp. 1034
Network Troubleshootingp. 1035
Introductionp. 1037
Basic Network Troubleshootingp. 1037
Network Troubleshooting Toolsp. 1038
Troubleshooting LANSp. 1042
Service Access Problemsp. 1043
Checking the NICp. 1043
Checking Cablingp. 1045
Checking Connectivity Devicesp. 1045
Windows-Related LAN Problemsp. 1046
Troubleshooting Wireless Networksp. 1050
Troubleshooting Network Printing Problemsp. 1052
Troubleshooting WAN Problemsp. 1055
Troubleshooting Broadband Problemsp. 1056
Troubleshooting Dial-Up Problemsp. 1059
Windows Modem Checksp. 1063
Troubleshooting Browser Problemsp. 1064
Exam Prep Questionsp. 1067
Answers and Explanationsp. 1069
Challenge Solutionsp. 1070
Securityp. 1073
Introductionp. 1077
Computer Securityp. 1077
Access Controlp. 1078
PC Hardware Securityp. 1080
Environmental Security Issuesp. 1086
Software Securityp. 1086
Windows Network Securityp. 1089
Administering Windows Networksp. 1090
Establishing Wireless Securityp. 1103
Firewallsp. 1105
Malicious Program Securityp. 1112
Virusesp. 1112
Establishing and Implementing Malicious Software Protectionp. 1115
Social Engineeringp. 1121
Spoofing and Phishingp. 1122
Pharmingp. 1123
Session Hijackingp. 1123
Identity Theftp. 1124
Exam Prep Questionsp. 1125
Answers and Explanationsp. 1128
Challenge Solutionp. 1130
Safety and Environmental Issuesp. 1131
Introductionp. 1133
Work Area and Safety Issuesp. 1133
The Work Areap. 1134
Personal Safetyp. 1135
Avoiding Laser and Burn Hazardsp. 1139
System Protectionp. 1141
Power Line Protectionp. 1141
Electrostatic Dischargep. 1147
Hardware Disposal Proceduresp. 1153
Exam Prep Questionsp. 1155
Answers and Explanationsp. 1160
Challenge Solutionsp. 1162
Professionalism and Communicationp. 1163
Introductionp. 1165
Customer Service Skillsp. 1165
Preparep. 1167
Establish Rapportp. 1168
Establish Your Presencep. 1168
Be Proactivep. 1168
Listen and Communicatep. 1169
Follow Upp. 1173
Be Responsivep. 1174
Accountabilityp. 1175
Be Flexiblep. 1177
Be Professionalp. 1177
Establish Integrityp. 1179
Handle Conflicts Appropriatelyp. 1182
Telephone Techniquesp. 1182
Handle Paperwork and Finish Upp. 1184
Maintain an Orderly Work Areap. 1185
Exam Prep Questionsp. 1186
Answers and Explanationsp. 1189
Challenge Solutionsp. 1191
Advanced PC Component Installations and Upgrades 1193
Introductionp. 1195
System Board Compatibility Issuesp. 1195
Replacing System Boardsp. 1196
Replacing System Board FRU Devicesp. 1202
Installing Memory Modulesp. 1206
Replacing Power Suppliesp. 1207
Installing Power Suppliesp. 1208
Power Supply Upgrade Considerationsp. 1210
System Upgrading and Optimizingp. 1210
System Board Upgradingp. 1211
Exam Prep Questionsp. 1222
Answers and Explanationsp. 1225
Challenge Solutionsp. 1226
Essentials Practice Examp. 1229
Questionsp. 1230
Answers and Explanationsp. 1248
IT Tech Practice Examp. 1259
Questionsp. 1260
Answers and Explanationsp. 1280
Depot Practice Examp. 1291
Questionsp. 1292
Answers and Explanationsp. 1310
Remote Support Practice Examp. 1321
Questionsp. 1322
Answers and Explanationsp. 1341
Appendix What's on the CD-ROMp. 1353
Glossaryp. 1357
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Excerpts

Introduction Introduction CompTIA#xAE;A+ Exam Prepis designed for those with the goal of certification as an A+ certified technician. The 2006 version of CompTIA's A+ Certification exams represents the most extensive changes to the certification since its inception. The traditional two-test model featured one exam for Hardware (Core) and a separate exam for Operating System Technologies. That's been changed to a two-test requirement featuring one required exam followed by three options for Advanced exams to complete the certification. The introductory level exam is called the A+ Essentials exam (220-601). The three options for the Advanced exam are designed to address the three main professional tracks commonly associated with A+ certification--Depot Technician (220-604), Remote Support Technician (220603), and the all-around IT Technician (220-602). Note -For a complete listing of the latest exam objectives, go tohttp://certification.comptia.org/a/. Many of the objectives given for each exam overlap with objectives in the other exams. The main difference between the Essentials exam that everyone must take and any of the Advanced exams is supposed to be the level of knowledge required. CompTIA gives a recommendation of 500 hours of experience for the Essentials exam taker and 1,000 hours for any of the Advanced exams. These exams measure essential competencies for a microcomputer hardware service technician with six months of on-the-job experience. You must demonstrate knowledge that would enable you to properly install, configure, upgrade, troubleshoot, and repair microcomputer hardware. This includes basic knowledge of desktop and portable systems, basic networking concepts, and printers. You also must demonstrate knowledge of safety and common preventive-maintenance procedures. Another major change for the 2006 A+ exam is the inclusion of a soft skills domain. This is not exactly a new idea for the A+ exam. Various past versions have required a customer service element as part of the certification. However, the computer repair industry has made it clear that in most computer repair-related job roles, customer service and satisfaction skills are equally as important as technical skills. For the 2006 version of the A+ exams, CompTIA has continued to use a fixed length, linear format test. They have also continued their practice of injecting new test items into the exam and administering them as nonscored questions. The psychometric evaluation of the questions is derived from these tests. When the new questions have been validated through this method, they will be injected into the live 2006 exams as scored questions. After validation, the questions will be returned to the question pools as scored items, thus creating a dynamic test pool that is continually being renewed. To cope with this, Educational Technologies Group (ETG) has established our Dynamic Test Tracking system that is available to everyone who purchases this product. ETG's Dynamic Test Tracking system is an online service that includes dynamic, interactive updates for each chapter and lab procedure in our course. These changes also include Test Tips and Curriculum Notes for any changes encountered in the A+ exams over the life of this exam version. In this way, your courseware will never be out of date or incomplete. How This Book Helps You This book is your one-stop answer for the A+ exams. Everything you need to know to pass the exams is in here. You do not have to take a class in addition to buying this book to pass the exam. Depending on your personal study habits or learning style, however, you might benefit from buying this book and taking a class. It can also help advanced users and administrators who are not studying for the exam but are looking for a single-volume technical reference. Our book provides a self-guided tour of all the areas covered by all four of the A+ exams and identifies the specific skills you need to achieve your A+ certification. You also will find the features that make Que's training guides so successful: clear organization, helpful hints, tips, real-world examples, and step-by-step exercises. Specifically, this book is set up to help you in the following ways: Organization This book is organized according to individual exam objectives. It covers every objective that you need to know for all four A+ exams. As much as possible, the objectives are covered in the same order as they are listed by the certifying organization, CompTIA, to make it as easy as possible for you to learn the information. We also have attempted to make the information accessible in the following ways: The book includes a full list of exam topics and objectives. Each chapter begins with a list of the objectives to be covered. Each chapter also begins with an outline that provides an overview of the material and the page numbers indicating where you can find particular topics. Information on where the objectives are covered is also conveniently condensed on the tear card at the front of this book. Instructional Features This book is designed to provide you with multiple ways to learn and reinforce the exam material. Following are some of the helpful methods: Objective explanations--As mentioned previously, each chapter begins with a list of the objectives covered in the chapter. In addition, immediately following each objective is an explanation in a context that defines it more meaningfully. Test tips--Exam tips appear in the margin to provide specific exam-related advice. Such tips might address what material is covered (or not covered) on the exam, how it is covered, mnemonic devices, and particular quirks of that exam. Summaries--Each chapter ends with a summary. Terms you'll need to understand--A list of key terms appears at the end of each chapter. The key terms are also italicized the first time they appear in the text of the chapter. Notes--These paragraphs appear in the margin and contain various kinds of useful information such as tips on technology or administrative practices, historical background on terms and technologies, or side commentary on industry issues. Warnings--When you are using sophisticated technology improperly, the potential for mistakes or even catastrophes to occur is ever present. Warnings appear in the margin to alert you to such potential problems. Challenges--These instructional elements require you to analyze a situation and come up with a solution to a technical problem. They are included here in anticipation of the application questions that appear in the A+ exams. Answers appear in the "Challenge Solutions" section. Extensive Practice Test Options This book provides numerous opportunities for you to assess your knowledge and to practice for the exam. The practice options include the following: Review questions--These questions appear in the "Exam Prep Questions" section. They reflect the kinds of multiple-choice questions that appear on the A+ exams. Use them to practice for the exam and to help you determine what you know and what you need to review or study further. Answers and explanations for them are provided. Practice exam--A practice exam is included in the "Final Review" section for each exam (as discussed later). MeasureUp--The MeasureUp software included on the CD that accompanies this book provid

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