Automotive Antenna Design and Applications

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Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2010-03-18
Publisher(s): CRC Press
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Summary

The steady evolution of wireless communication technologies continues to pave the way for the implementation of innovative services and devices used in modern vehicles. These include analog and digital audio broadcasting radio, satellite radio and GPS systems, cellular phones, and short range communication devices. Such applications require the modern car to use multiple antennas operating in different frequency ranges. Automotive Antenna Design and Applications thoroughly examines traditional and new advanced automotive antennas, including the specific principles, designs, and techniques used to reduce antenna dimensions without significant degradation of communication quality. The contents of this book are based on cutting-edge data collected from numerous technical papers, patents, and patent applications. It presents an overview of many commercially available automotive antennas and covers features that have become standard in automotive applications, such as printed-on car glass antennas, reduced-size helical antennas, multiband compact, printed-on dielectric and patch designs in a single package.Includes simulation examples of antenna parameters that significantly speed up the design process using software packages such as FEKO, NEC, IE3D, and GenesysHighlighting the practical aspects of antenna design, the authors present passive and active designs and describe the entire design process, including antenna simulation, prototype sample fabrication, and laboratory test measurements. The book also covers the production adjustments that can result from the demands of the real car environment. The presentation of numerous examples of passive and active automotive antennas greatly enhances this reference's value to professionals, students, and anyone else working in the ever-evolving field of antenna design and application. 

Table of Contents

Prefacep. xi
Acknowledgmentsp. xiii
Lead Authorp. xv
List of Abbreviationsp. xvii
Automotive Antennas Overview: Patents, Papers, and Productsp. 1
Introductionp. 1
AM/FM Antenna Systemsp. 3
AM/FM Broadcasting Frequency Rangep. 3
Printed-on-Glass Antennasp. 3
Short Mast Helical Roof Antennasp. 5
Cellular Phone Antennasp. 6
Car TV Antennasp. 8
Terrestrial Systemsp. 8
Satellite TV Antennasp. 8
Internet TV in Vehiclesp. 9
Satellite Radio Antennasp. 10
GPS Antenna Systemsp. 11
Antennas for Short Range Communicationsp. 12
Introductionp. 12
Remote Start Engine and Remote Keyless Entry Antennasp. 13
Tire Pressure Sensorsp. 15
Electronic Toll Collection Systemsp. 16
Thin Film Antennasp. 18
Digital Audio Broadcasting Designp. 19
Automotive Radar Antenna Systemsp. 20
Antenna Packaging Issuesp. 21
Summaryp. 22
Referencesp. 23
Basic Antenna Parameters and Definitionsp. 27
Introductionp. 27
Far Zone and Radiation Patternp. 27
Polarization and Radiation Pattern Measurementsp. 29
Directivity, Gain, Average Gain, and Antenna Beamwidthp. 31
Impedance, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, Bandwidth, and Quality Factorp. 34
Impedance Matching Between Antenna and Car Receiverp. 36
Electrically Small Antennasp. 36
Radio Frequency Cables and Connectorsp. 37
Notes on Decibelsp. 39
Converting Field Strength to Powerp. 40
Referencesp. 41
Active and Diversity Receiving Antenna Systemsp. 43
Introductionp. 43
Signal and Noise Analysis of Active Antennap. 44
Signal-to-Noise Ratiop. 44
Antenna Noise Temperaturep. 47
Low Noise Amplifier Parametersp. 48
Introductionp. 48
S Parametersp. 48
Stability Analysisp. 49
Amplifier Gainp. 49
Matching for Maximum Amplifier Gainp. 51
Noise Matching Designp. 52
Output Gain Matching for Noise Matched LNAp. 53
Low Noise Amplifier Distortion Parametersp. 53
Measurement Set-Up to Estimate Third-Order Intermodulation Distortionsp. 54
Active Antenna Gainp. 55
Low Noise Amplifiers for Electrically Small Antennasp. 56
Diversity Techniquesp. 56
Referencesp. 60
Audio Broadcasting Antennasp. 63
AM/FM Whip Antennap. 63
Printed-on-Glass AM/FM Antennasp. 64
Introductionp. 64
Rear Glass Systemsp. 65
Side Glass Systemsp. 65
Front (Windshield) Systemsp. 65
Diversity Window Antennasp. 65
Passive Windshield Antennasp. 66
FM Frequency Rangep. 66
AM Frequency Rangep. 69
Simulation Resultsp. 73
Side Glass Antenna Pattern Examplep. 75
Amplifier Circuit for AM/FM Antenna Systemp. 76
Amplifier with High Input Impedancep. 83
Short Roof AM/FM Antennap. 84
Helix Antenna Radiation Modesp. 84
Helix Antenna for FM Frequency Bandp. 86
Short Meander Antennap. 87
Diversity FM Antennasp. 89
Two Antenna Diversity Elementsp. 89
Single Reconfigurable Antenna Element for Space Diversity Applicationsp. 91
Correlation Signal Analysis for Car Roof Spaced Antennasp. 92
Antennas for Digital Audio Broadcastingp. 93
L Band Antenna Geometryp. 93
Radiation Pattern Measurements for L Band Antennap. 97
Antennas for Band IIIp. 99
Referencesp. 103
Cellular Antennasp. 107
Single Band Monopole on Roofp. 107
Glass Mounted Monopolep. 113
Dual-Band Monopolep. 114
Helixp. 116
Single Band Simulation Resultsp. 116
Dual-Band Helixp. 118
Compact Printed Circuit Board Antennasp. 120
Single Band Meander Line Designp. 120
Dual-Band Combined Designp. 123
Tri-Band Designp. 124
CPW-Fed Multiband Designp. 124
Planar Inverted F Antennap. 128
Hidden Printed Dipolep. 131
Printed-on-Glass Designp. 131
Antenova Seriesp. 131
Dual-Band Inverted F Designp. 134
Rear View Mirror Mountp. 135
Bumper Installationp. 137
Combined FM/PCS Designp. 138
Integrated AM/FM/AMPS/PCS Designp. 140
Integrated PCS/RKE Designp. 140
Cellular Diversity Systemsp. 142
Spatial, Polarization, and Pattern Diversityp. 142
Monopoles for Diversity Receptionp. 145
Switched Parasitic Elements for Diversity Designp. 146
Referencesp. 148
TV Antennas for Carsp. 151
Satellite TV Antennasp. 151
Satellite TV System Requirementsp. 151
Ridged Waveguide Antenna Arrayp. 152
Electronic Beam-Controlled Phase Arrayp. 153
G/T Estimationp. 155
Antennas for Digital Terrestrial TVp. 157
Introductionp. 157
H-Shaped Glass Configurationp. 158
Simple Meander Window Glass Designp. 164
Printed-on-Glass Patent Examplesp. 166
Bumper Diversity Systemp. 169
Compact Mast Monopolep. 171
Referencesp. 172
Satellite Radio Antennasp. 175
Basic Passive Antenna Requirementsp. 175
Parameters for Sirius Service (2320 to 2332.5 MHz)p. 175
Parameters for XM Service (2332.5 to 2345 MHz)p. 175
System With Two Antenna Elementsp. 175
System With Single Patch Antenna Elementp. 177
Simplified Engineering Formulas for Rectangular Passive Patch Parametersp. 178
Geometry Dimensions for Linear Polarizationp. 178
Circular Polarization Geometryp. 179
Performances of Passive Antenna Elementsp. 181
Circular Polarization Design Guidelinesp. 182
Simulated Example of SDARS Patchp. 183
Commercially Available Passive Elementsp. 185
Vertical Polarization Gain of Patch Antenna at Horizon Angle Directionp. 186
Ground Size Effectsp. 187
On-Vehicle Antenna Locationp. 189
Compact Dual-Polarized Antennap. 191
Low Profile Cross Slot Antenna for SDARS Applicationp. 196
Glass Mount Systemp. 197
XM Truck Antennap. 199
Active Designp. 199
Antenna Amplifier Requirementsp. 199
Amplifier Simulation Resultsp. 202
Commercially Available Modulesp. 203
SDARS Parameter Measurementsp. 204
Gain and Radiation Pattern Measurements in Anechoic Chamberp. 204
Gain and Radiation Pattern Measurements of Antenna Mounted on Carp. 205
SDARS Antenna Noise Temperaturep. 206
Diversity Circuitsp. 207
Referencesp. 210
GPS Antennasp. 213
Typical GPS Antenna Parametersp. 213
Patch Parameters and Ground Plane Sizep. 214
On-Vehicle GPS Antenna Measurementsp. 216
Circular Annular Ring Microstrip Antennap. 218
Dual-Band GPS Antennap. 220
Tri-Band Applicationsp. 224
Amplifier Circuit for Active Designp. 226
Combined GPS and Cellular Phone Systemsp. 227
Typical Antenna Systemp. 227
Isolation of Collocated Cellular and GPS Antennasp. 228
Gain Measurements of Passive Cell/GPS Elementsp. 229
Active Antenna and Filter Topologyp. 232
Combined GPS and SDARS Antenna Systemp. 233
Stacked Patch Designp. 233
Two Antennas in One Packagep. 237
Microstrip Antenna for GPS and DCS Applicationsp. 238
Integrated GPS/PCS/RKES Systemp. 241
Car Location Optionsp. 242
Diversity Antennas for GPS Applicationsp. 245
Referencesp. 247
Antennas for Short Range Communicationp. 249
Introductionp. 249
Compact Planar Passive Antennap. 251
Geometriesp. 251
Simulation Resultsp. 252
Symmetrical and Asymmetrical 315 MHz Meander Line Printed on Dielectric Boardp. 254
Introductionp. 254
Antenna Geometryp. 256
Numerical Resultsp. 256
Measurement Resultsp. 260
Considerations for Small Antennasp. 262
Active Meander Line Antenna Implementation for 315 MHzp. 264
Antenna and Amplifier Parametersp. 264
Meander Line Antenna in Plastic Casep. 267
On-Vehicle Radiation Pattern Measurementsp. 267
Example of 433.9 MHz Antennap. 272
Alternative Antenna Systems for Short Range Communicationp. 273
Splitter Antenna for 315 MHz Frequency Bandp. 274
Combined Roof AM/FM/RKE Systemp. 275
Combined RKE/PCS/GPS Designp. 276
Printed-on-Glass RKE Antenna Designp. 277
Comparison of 433.9 MHz Antennasp. 278
Maximum Detection Range of RKE/RSE Systemp. 281
Effects of Auto Electronic Components on Communication Rangep. 284
Signal and Noise Measurements for Antenna/Receiver Combinationp. 285
Measurement Resultsp. 286
Electromagnetic Emission Interferencep. 288
Compact Diversity Antenna System for Remote Control Applicationsp. 29
Compact Antennas: Literature and Patent Reviewp. 294
Meander Line Antennas for Multifrequency Applicationsp. 296
Referencesp. 300
Indexp. 303
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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